Oil burner



March 3, 1942. s. B. BARR l 2,275,002

OIL BURNER Filed Nov. 28, 1939 ATTORNEY iatented 3, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT A OFFICE Application November No. 306,533

3 Claims.

My invention relates to an oil burner which is very economical to construct and simple to fab-y ricate and operate.

One object of the invention is to provide a burner for oil or similar liquid fuel or for gas i! desired, which if oil is used as the fuel effectively vaporizes the oil before it is ignited, whereby vapor only burns after the burner is started and by an arrangement which admits the proper .amount of air to support combustion a clean with my burner a vaporizer cap which is so con structed and positioned with respect toan oil inlet boss that it effectively reduces the oil to vapor before admitting it to a combustion chamber for mixing therein with incoming air and burning within the chamber, a special composition being used for the cap.

A further object is to provide a burner which can be simply constructed of a -supporting plate, a vaporizer cap, a perforate and an imperforate cylinder and a cover plate for the space between the cylinders, the parts being quickly assembled by means of three tie bolts and the entire burner readily installed in a combustion chamber of a furnace by means of three spokes radiating from' the burner and a` layer of heat insulating material on the spokes and spanning the distance between the edge of the burner and the interior wal of the combustion chamber.

Stil?. another object is to provide a burner which may oe readily adapted for heating and cook stoves or for any other purposes where the useI oil burners is feasible.

Further objectsare to provide a vaporizer cap in the burner which effectively vaporizes the oil before it is admitted to the combustion chamber v of the burner and which cap may be preheated during the generating period for the burner by removing it from its normal position and placing it on top of the burner where the flame from burning generating gas in a well of the burner radiates heat to the vaporizer cap, the removability of the cap also facilitating cleaning.

With these and other objects in view, my invention consists in the construction, arrangement and combination of the various parts of my device whereby the objects contemplated are attained, as hereinafter more fully set forth, .pninted out in my claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure l is a sectional view of a heating stove or the like showing my burner installed therein, the burner being shown in side elevation.

Figure 2 is a plan view of the burner per se; and

Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view on the line 3-3 of Figure 2. i

In the accompanying drawing I have used reference character S to indicate generally a stove and B, my burner therein. The stove S has an ash pit Ill'anda combustion chamber I2 with the usual grate supporting ledge I3 between.

webs I9 serve as a supporting connection be-1 tween the rim I6 and the well I5.

The rim portion i4 of the supporting plate is secured as by bolts 20 to three radially extending spokes 2I. The spokes 2| rest at the outer ends on the grate supporting ledge I3 ofy the stove S. Spanning the distance between the flange I6 and the inner Wall of the combustion chamber I2 of the stove I provide fillers 22 of `tile or other suitable heat insulating material to separate the ash pit I0 from the combustion chamber l2. l

Positioned bythe flange I1 is an imperforate cylinder 23. A perforate cylinder 24 is spaced inwardly therefrom, the perforations thereof being indicated at 25. A cover plate 2B is provided for the space between the cylinders 23 and 24.

. The plate 26 is assembled in position by means of three tie bolts 21. The cover plate 26 has a central opening 28 for emission of flame as will hereinafter appear.

The Vwell I5 is provided with a central upstanding boss 29. An oil pipe 30 is connected therewith for supplying fuel oil to the boss. Covering the boss is a vaporizer cap C comprising a tubular portion 3I, an annular cup portion 32, a. closure portion 34 and an upstanding perforated ear 35. The ear 35 is adapted for receiving a poker or similar tool for lifting the vaporizer cap C out of the well I5 and positioning it in the dotted position of Figures 2 and 3 during the generating period for the burner.

The vaporizer cap C is cast from a special alloy consisting of copper, 69 per cent; zinc, 27 per cent; tin, 11/2 per cent; lead, 1% per cent; and.

nickel, 1 per cent. This composition of metals producesa yellow brass particularly adaptedfor use as a vaporizer cap in the construction of my burner as will hereinafter be more fully exsition of Figure 2.

Practical operation In the operation of my oil burner the vaporizer cap C is first transferred from the full line position of Figures 2 and 3 to the dotted line position thereof on the top of the cover plate 26. Oil is admitted through the pipe 30, to partially fill the well l5, and this oil is ignited to heat up the burner. The burning oil radiates heat to the vaporizer cap C so that by the time the oil in the well is consumed the cap is hot enough to accomplish its vaporizing purpose. Thereupon the cap is placed in the full line position and oil yis admitted through the pipe 30. The heat of the mission openings of the perforations 25 as indicated by the arrow a before combustion can be supported. i

After the burner is once started the flame j can be enlarged or diminished as desired by con- Cal trolling the fiowof oil through the pipe 30. This,

of course, can be done in an obvious manner by manipulation of a needle valve (not shown).

-I have found that the particular form of cap C provides a very effective vaporizer for the oil so that nothing but vapor is burned after the initial heating up period of the burner. obviously minimizes theV formation of carbon as a result of oil burning and any slight amount of carbon that does form on the interior of the perforate cylinder 24 drops back into the annular cup 32 where it is soon consumed due to the h'eat of the cap C. The result is an exceptionally clean burning device regardless of the type or grade of oil burned in it.

From the foregoing description it will be obvious that my burner requires but few and simple parts and those parts can be fabricated into the finished burner with a minimum expenditure of time and material.

The special alloy used in forming the vaporizer cap C is the result of considerable experiment. The cap C is subject to extremely high temperatures and ordinary metal such as cast iron or ordinary brass is soon consumed and causes a gradual decrease of efficiency of the burner until it finally no longer operates satisfactorily. The particular composition of yellow brass that I provide forms a cap which effectively resists the high temperatures generated and heats up quickly so as to minimize the generating period and permit a relatively quick positioning of the vaporizer cap down over the boss 29 for thereafter vaporizing the incoming oil.

I have found that this particular alloy will not oxidize and that carbon will'not adhere to it. This makes the burner comparatively clean burning andA any carbon that falls'on it is quickly consumed due to the heat that the cap holds.

By actual tests I have determined that the This burner is extremely efficient, does not tend to become carbonized and can be readily adjusted for high or low flame without the necessity of any air control whatever. The number and size of the openings 25 are such that the proper amount of oxygen to support combustion is admitted at all times regardless of the height of the flame.

The Vfact that the vaporizer cap C can be readily removed makes itpossible to easily clean the burner. Quite often cigar and cigarette stubs, burned matches and the like are dropped through the vision hole in the lid of a heating stove directly into the burner. They are consumed except for mineral elements which should be cleanedy out from time to time. The cup portion 32 of the cap C'retains the unconsumed elements and it is very convenient to lift the cap out, carry it away from the stove and empty it of refuse. This operation can be performed without turning out the fire and takes but a few moments.

Some changes may be made in-the construction and arrangement of the parts of my device without departing from the real spirit and purpose of my invention, and it is my intention to cover by my claims anyrmodied forms of structure, or use of mechanical equivalents, which may be reasonably included within their scope.

I claim as my invention:

l. In an oil burner of the character described, a supporting plate having a centrall well, an upstanding boss in said well, said supporting plate having an outer supporting rim and air admission openings intermediate said rim and said well,

means for admitting fuel oil to said boss, a vaporizer cap having a central tubular'portion terminating at its upper end in a closure element positioned over said boss, having horizontally directed vapor emission openings in said tubular portion below said closure element and having an annular cup surrounding said tubular portion for catching and Vaporizing any unvaporized oil emitted from said openings, a perforated ear extending upwardly from said tubular portion to facilitate removal of said cap from position on said upstanding 'boss, a perforate cylinder extending upwardly from said supporting plate at the periphery of said well, an imperforate cylinder extending upwardly from said supporting plate outside of said air admission openings therein, a cover plate for the space between said cylinders, tie bolts from said cover plate to said supporting plate, said cover plate having a central opening for emission of flame from the interior of said perforate cylinder, the space between said cylinders constituting the only means receiving air through said air admission openings of said supporting plate whereby the only air supplied to the arne is that which passes from the exterior to the interior of said perforate cylinder.

2. In an oil burner of the kind disclosed, a supporting plate having a well portion, an upstanding oil admission boss in said well and an outer vsupporting rim, air admission openings intermediate said rim and said well, means for admitting fuel oil to said upstanding boss, a vaporizer capv having a central tubular portion terminating at its upper end in a closure element positioned over said boss, vapor emission openings in said tubular portion below said closure element, an annular cup surrounding said tubular portion, located againstthe bottom of said well and adapted to receive unvaporized oil from said openings, a perforate cylinder extending upwardly from said supporting plate outside of said the space betweensaid cylinders, said space being in communication with said air admission openings. and said cover plate having an opening for emission of ilame.

3. In an oil burner of the class disclosed, a supporting plate having a well, spokes radiating from said supporting plate for supporting the plate relative to a combustion chamber with. a wall of heat insulating material spanning the distance between said ange and the wall o! the combustion chamber, a boss in said well, said plate having air admission openings intermediate its peripheryV and said well, means for admitting fuel oil to said boss, a vaporizer on said boss, s. perforate cylinder extending upwardly from said supporting plate at the periphery of said well, an imperforate cylinder extending upwardly from said supporting plate outside of said air admission openings, cover means spanning the distance between said cylinders at their upper ends with the space between the cylinders `communicating with said air emission openings and the perforations o! said perforate cylinder admitting air therefrom to the interior of the pertorate cylinder for mixture with vapor from said vaporizer.

`:SAMUEL B. BARR. 

